La persistencia de los titanes : rastreo de características titánicas en la novela "El Extranjero" de Albert Camus. Una lectura desde la psicología analítica

Abstract

RESUMEN: Este trabajo de grado, ya su título muy indicativo, contiene una lectura de la novela “El extranjero” (1942) del filósofo, escritor, periodista, ensayista y dramaturgo francés Albert Camus (1913-1960) desde la psicología Junguiana, es decir, y como se justificará en todo el cuerpo del trabajo, la novela del pensador franco-argelino será tomada como exposición imaginativa alrededor de la difícil “figura” de los titanes. De la mano de Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), James Hillman (1926-2011), Rafael López-Pedraza (1920-2011) , que como veremos será el principal referente teórico de lo que queremos delimitar como titanismo, y de la mano de Marta Cecilia Vélez Saldarriaga, una de las principales investigadoras colombianas preocupadas de los resortes individuales y sociales de la violencia colombiana, vamos a rescatar la imaginación y sus implicaciones para reflexionar en psicología; la imaginación como hecho crucial del acontecer humano, la forma muchas veces demeritada, primordial de la psique para la manipulación y organización del mundo, la energía vital; la imaginación como camino y como llegada, como reunión de la información desplegada en la parte “inferior”, ultravioleta del abanico de la energía como enseña Jung. En fin, la imaginación como eje central, arco que lanza las flechas de la evolución humana.

ABSTRACT: This work of degree, and its very indicative title, contains a reading of the novel "El extranjero" (1942) by French philosopher, writer, journalist, essayist and playwright Albert Camus (1913-1960) from Jungian psychology, that is, and as will be justified throughout the body of work, the novel of the Franco-Algerian thinker will be taken as an imaginative exhibition around the difficult "figure" of the titans. From the hand of Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), James Hillman (1926-2011), Rafael López-Pedraza (1920-2011), which as we will see will be the main theoretical reference of what we want to define as titanism, and the hand of Marta Cecilia Vélez Saldarriaga, one of the leading Colombian researchers concerned about the individual and social springs of Colombian violence, we will rescue the imagination and its implications to reflect on psychology; imagination as a crucial fact of human happening, the often demerited, primordial form of the psyche for the manipulation and organization of the world, the vital energy; imagination as a path and as an arrival, as a meeting of the information displayed in the "lower" part, ultraviolet of the range of energy as taught by Jung. In short, imagination as the central axis, the bow that throws the arrows of human evolution. For this purpose, the work has been divided into two parts: the first that deals with the theoretical basis on which it is based. The Jungian idea will be succinctly explained, very different from the current prevailing positions and also in its time of the human psyche: the relations between culture-individual, physical-psychic, mind-body; in which arises mainly the idea of collective archetype and unconscious and knotted to these ideas the myth, folklore and arts as valid means for the study of the human being and life in society, metaphor of life; the imagination in his science is the myth and the dream. This perspective will be nurtured and expanded by the hand of the different authors, some of whom we have previously announced. The justification for the work is scattered throughout the body of work since only then have I considered the best way to expose and enrich it. The second part contains the central readings of the grade work. Once justified in Jungian theory and practice, we will reflect on violence, culture, the individual and the titanic nature, already at the hand of the arts, and of the myth, but as the central axis always titanism, which we will delimit with the help of Rafael López-Pedraza, and the literary proposals that will bring us closer to his understanding. This degree work does not pursue solutions and definitions. It only seeks to expose (and criticize) and at the hand of it, reflect and dialogue. Dialogue with ourselves, with our titanism, with the responsibility we have in this Colombian tragic equation - much more necessary in our case, academics and / or intellectuals who bear the burden of reflection and the necessary attention on ourselves and therefore of the collectivity, that is, the tip of the pyramid of this look also seeks to think of us as a society, as a culture, of which we are, perhaps it is more accurate to think, responsible and not the other way around.