Determinación de la calidad microbiológica bacteriana en tejido de Oreochromis niloticus y Coptodon rendalli proveniente de los embalses Porce II y Porce III, Antioquia – Colombia

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The Porce II and Porce III reservoirs are located northeastern of the department of Antioquia, have poor water quality due to the entry of chemical and biological contaminants from domestic and industrial wastewater discharge from ten municipalities that are part of the Aburrá Valley. Artisanal fisheries have been reported in the reservoirs with low safety standards for self‐consumption and commercialization. Food safety is fundamental for the assurance of public health. Colombian regulations for the consumption of fishery products focus on risk prevention and warn of improper handling and/or contamination of the fishery product (NTC1443:2016 and Resolution:776/2008, modified by Resolution:122/2012). This project sought to determine the bacterial microbiological quality of Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon rendalli muscle from Porce II and Porce III reservoirs by analyzing the indicators total coliforms, thermo‐tolerant Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. in eight samplings between March 2018 and October 2019, 480 specimens were purchased from local fishermen. Total length, standard length, and weight of each fish was determined, and microbiological indicators were analyzed following Colombian standards (NTC4458, NTC4779, NTC4574). Under these criteria, more than 80% of the samples showed non‐compliance because they exceeded the permitted limits for microbial load. The health risk for human and wild communities that feed on these contaminated fish is inferred.

RESUMEN: Los embalses Porce II y Porce III ubicados al nordeste del departamento de Antioquia presentan baja calidad del agua debido al ingreso de contaminantes químicos y biológicos provenientes de las descargas de aguas residuales de origen doméstico e industrial de diez municipios que conforman el Valle de Aburrá. En los embalses se ha reportado el desarrollo de pesquería artesanal con bajos estándares de inocuidad para su autoconsumo y comercialización. La seguridad alimentaria es fundamental para el aseguramiento de la salud pública, la normatividad colombiana para el consumo de productos pesqueros se enfoca en la prevención de riesgos y advierten oportunamente un manejo inadecuado y/o contaminación del producto pesquero (NTC1443:2016 y Resolución:776/2008, modificada por la Resolución:122/2012). En este proyecto se buscó determinar la calidad microbiológica bacteriana del músculo de Oreochromis niloticus y Coptodon rendalli proveniente de los embalses Porce II y Porce III a partir del análisis de indicadores de coliformes totales, Escherichia coli termotolerante, Staphylococcus aureus y Salmonella spp. usando microbiología convencional.