Participación política de víctimas en la Circunscripción 12 de las Circunscripciones Transitorias Especiales de Paz (CITREP) 2022-2026

Abstract

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo hace un estudio de caso de las Circunscripciones Transitorias Especiales de Paz (CITREP) desde el enfoque del neoinstitucionalismo histórico. El artículo analiza el conflicto armado que golpeó al territorio que compone esta circunscripción entre los años 1990 y 2010 en clave de violencia política. Asimismo, hace un recorrido en el tiempo sobre cómo se propuso desde que iniciaron las negociaciones de paz entre la extinta guerrilla de las Farc-Ep y el Gobierno Colombiano, para adherir al sistema electoral un mecanismo tan sui generis como las CITREP, y, cómo, después de lo pactado, cumplir con los objetivos del Acuerdo Final de Paz en el punto 2, a propósito de la apertura democrática y la participación política de víctimas. Además, estudia el desarrollo del mecanismo, las dificultades que atravesó y su consolidación. También, analiza el funcionamiento de este con base en los sistemas electorales, sus reglas de juego, la normativa y sus problemas. Para de esta manera pasar al estudio de los candidatos, los grupos a los que representaron, los problemas en campaña y las barreras para que se diera una efectiva participación política de víctimas, seguida de los resultados electorales. Luego se concluye, primero, que el mecanismo amerita mejoras, por un lado, y segundo, que, en el Magdalena Grande, territorio que comprende la Circunscripción 12, se evidencian lógicas persistentes de violencia política que impiden la participación política de víctimas. ABSTRACT: The present study conducts a case analysis of the Special Transitional Peace Constituencies (CITREP) from the perspective of historical neo-institutionalism. The article examines the armed conflict that affected the territory encompassing this constituency between the years 1990 and 2010, framed within political violence. It also traces the history of how the proposal emerged during the peace negotiations between the now-defunct Farc-Ep guerrilla group and the Colombian Government, to incorporate such a unique mechanism as the CITREP into the electoral system. Furthermore, it delves into how, after the agreements, they aimed to fulfil the objectives of the Final Peace Agreement in point 2, concerning democratic opening and the political participation of victims. Additionally, the study explores the development of the mechanism, the challenges it faced, and its consolidation. It also analyses its operation based on electoral systems, their rules, the regulations, and their issues. This leads to an examination of the candidates, the groups they represented, campaign issues, and the barriers to achieving effective political participation by victims, followed by the electoral outcomes. The study concludes, firstly, that the mechanism requires improvements and, secondly, that in the Magdalena Grande, a territory that includes Constituency 12, persistent patterns of political violence hinder the political participation of victims.

ABSTRACT: The present study conducts a case analysis of the Special Transitional Peace Constituencies (CITREP) from the perspective of historical neo-institutionalism. The article examines the armed conflict that affected the territory encompassing this constituency between the years 1990 and 2010, framed within political violence. It also traces the history of how the proposal emerged during the peace negotiations between the now-defunct Farc-Ep guerrilla group and the Colombian Government, to incorporate such a unique mechanism as the CITREP into the electoral system. Furthermore, it delves into how, after the agreements, they aimed to fulfil the objectives of the Final Peace Agreement in point 2, concerning democratic opening and the political participation of victims. Additionally, the study explores the development of the mechanism, the challenges it faced, and its consolidation. It also analyses its operation based on electoral systems, their rules, the regulations, and their issues. This leads to an examination of the candidates, the groups they represented, campaign issues, and the barriers to achieving effective political participation by victims, followed by the electoral outcomes. The study concludes, firstly, that the mechanism requires improvements and, secondly, that in the Magdalena Grande, a territory that includes Constituency 12, persistent patterns of political violence hinder the political participation of victims.