Factores asociados con la intensidad de los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos en personal de salud de dos centros de referencia para la atención de pacientes con COVID-19 de Antioquia, Colombia. Un análisis de clases latentes

Abstract

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Clasificar al personal de 2 instituciones de referencia para la atención de la COVID19 en Antioquia según la intensidad de los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos y determinar los factores asociados con estas clases. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en el que se usaron las escalas GAD-7, PHQ-9, miedo a la COVID-19 y escala Burnout de Copenhague. Se hizo análisis de clases latentes para identificar las clases y se determinaron los factores asociados mediante regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: Participaron 486 personas. El modelo con mejor ajuste fue el de 3 clases. La I, con puntajes bajos en escalas; la II, con grados leves de ansiedad y depresión, e intermedios de miedo a la COVID-19 y estrés percibido; y la III, con grados moderados y graves de ansiedad, depresión y estrés percibido. Los factores asociados con pertenecer a la clase III fueron: edad (OR = 0,94; IC95%, 0,91-0,96), cambio de vivienda para no exponer a familiares (OR = 4,01; IC95%, 1,99-8,09), y antecedente de trastorno depresivo (OR = 3,10; IC95%, 1,27-7,56) y ansioso (OR = 5,5; IC95%, 2,36-12,90). Los factores asociados con la clase II fueron: edad (OR = 0,97; IC95%, 0,95-0,99), antecedente de trastorno depresivo (OR = 3,41; IC95%, 1,60-7,25), convivir con alguien con riesgo de muerte por COVID-19 (OR = 1,86; IC95%, 1,19- 2,91), familiar personal de salud (OR = 1,58; IC95%, 1,01-2,47) y cambio de vivienda para no exponer a familiares (OR = 1,99; IC95%, 1,11-3,59). Conclusiones: Se obtuvieron 3 clases de participantes, 2 de ellas con síntomas ansiosos y depresivos. La menor edad y el antecedente de un trastorno mental fueron factores asociados con las 2 clases de pacientes sintomáticos; otros factores pueden ser causa o consecuencia de los síntomas.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To classify the staff of two reference institutions for COVID-19 care in Antioquia according to the intensity of anxiety and depression symptoms, and to determine the factors associated with these classes. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which the GAD-7, PHQ-9, fear of COVID-19, and the Copenhagen Burnout scale were used. Latent class analysis was performed to identify the classes, and the factors associated with these were determined using multinomial logistic regression. Results: 486 people participated. The three-class model had the best fit: class I with low scores on the scales; class II with mild degrees of anxiety and depression, and intermediate levels of fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress; and class III with moderate and severe degrees of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress. The factors associated with belonging to class III were age (OR = 0.94; 95%CI, 0.91-0.96), change of residence to avoid exposing relatives (OR = 4.01; 95%CI, 1.99-8.09), and a history of depressive disorder (OR = 3.10; 95%CI, 1.27-7.56), and anxiety (OR = 5.5; 95%CI, 2.36-12.90). Factors associated with class II were age (OR = 0.97; 95%CI, 0.95-0.99), history of depressive disorder (OR = 3.41; 95%CI, 1.60-7.25), living with someone at risk of death from COVID-19 (OR = 1.86; 95%CI, 1.19-2.91), family member being healthcare staff (OR = 1.58; 95%CI, 1.01-2.47), and change of residence to avoid exposing relatives (OR = 1.99; 95%CI, 1.11-3.59). Conclusions: Three classes of participants were obtained, two of them with anxiety and depression symptoms. Younger age and a history of mental disorder were factors associated with the two classes of symptomatic patients; other factors may be causes or consequences of the symptoms.