Natural infection of Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Culex spp. with Zika virus in Medellin, Colombia

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The Zika virus has generated serious epidemics in the different countries where it has been reported and Colombia has not been the exception. Although in these epidemics Aedes aegypti traditionally has been the primary vector, other species could also be involved in the transmission. Methods: Mosquitoes were captured with entomological aspirators on a monthly basis between March and September of 2017, in four houses around each of the 250 entomological surveillance traps installed by the Secretaria de Salud de Medellin (Colombia). Additionally, 70 Educational Institutions and 30 Health Centers were visited each month. Results: 2 504 mosquitoes were captured and grouped into 1045 pools to be analyzed by RT-PCR for the detection of Zika virus. Twenty-six pools of Aedes aegypti, two pools of Ae. albopictus and one for Culex quinquefasciatus were positive for Zika virus. Conclusion: The presence of this virus in the three species and the abundance of these species in the different sectors of the city, suggests that the control strategies should be addressed to all species that could be potential vectors until the vectorial role of Ae. albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus is completely elucidated in the transmission of the Zika virus. RESUMEN: Resumen El virus Zika ha generado serias epidemias en los diferentes países en donde se ha reportado, Colombia no ha sido la excepción. Aunque en estas epidemias el vector presuntamente involucrado ha sido Aedes aegypti, otras especies también podrían estar implicadas en su transmisión. Metodología: en el marco del Programa de vigilancia virológica en mosquitos de la Secretaría de Salud de Medellín (Colombia). Resultados: entre marzo y septiembre de 2017 se capturaron 2 504 mosquitos en predios visitados durante los levantamientos de índices entomológicos. El material entomológico fue agrupado en 1 045 pooles para ser analizados por RT-PCR para la detección de virus Zika. Resultaron positivos para virus Zika 26 pooles de Aedes aegypti, dos pooles de Ae. albopictus y uno para Culex quinquefasciatus. Conclusión: la presencia de este virus en las tres especies y su abundancia en los distintos sectores de la ciudad sugieren que las estrategias de control deban dirigirse a todos los potenciales vectores, hasta tanto no se dilucide completamente el papel vectorial de Ae. albopictus y Cx. quinquefasciatus en la transmisión del virus Zika. Palabras clave: Zika, Aedes, Culex; Medellín.