Agentes etiológicos de diarrea en niños atendidos en la unidad de capacitación para el tratamiento de la diarrea del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl de Medellín

Abstract

RESUMEN: Objetivo: estudiar la presencia de agentespotencialmente productores de diarrea y las características de los niños atendidos en la Unidad deCapacitación para el Tratamiento de la Diarrea, del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, de Medellín, entre 1997 y 1999. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Entre los 1984 niños atendidos se realizaron los siguientes exámenes de materias fecales: Coprológicos: 851, Coprocultivos:564, Latex para rotavirus: 150, Tinción para Criptosporidium: 142, Tinción para Campylobacter:137. Se buscó asociación estadística entre lascaracterísticas personales y clínicas que presentabanlos niños y los agentes identificados.

ABSTRACT: Objective: the objective was to study the presence of agents potentially producing diarrhea and the characteristics of the children assisted in the Unit of Training for the Treatment of the Diarrhea, of the University Hospital San Vicente of Paúl, of Medellin, between 1997 and 1999. Materials and methods: a descriptive retrospective Study. Among the 1984 assisted children they were carried out the following exams of fecal samples: study for parasites: 851, study for bacteria: 564, antigen of rotavirus: 150, study for Criptosporidium: 142, study for Campylobacter: 137. Statistical association was looked among the personal and clinical characteristics of the children and the identified agents. Results: among the analyzed children Rotavirus was in 48%, Salmonella spp 11.5%, Shigella spp 3.5%, E. coli enteropatógeno 4.2%, Criptosporidium spp. 15.5% and Campylobacter spp 5.8%. There was an association statistically significant between Rotavirus and the age of 6 to 11 months, OR=2.99 (1.45, 6.21), acute diarrhea, OR=2.93 (0.91,9.95) and absence of blood in the fecal sample, OR=5.10 (1.51,18.96). Between the presence of blood and Salmonella spp. , OR=2.82 (1.60,4.96) and Shigella spp. OR=4.88 (1.81, 13.38) and among E. coli enteropatógeno and dehydration, OR=4.67(1.30,19.89). Conclusions: main identified agents: Rotavirus and Salmonella spp. The parasites are not very frequent. Key words diarrhea, ethiology of the diarrhea, Rotavirus, Salmonella spp.