Intervención con rumba y educación nutricional para modificar factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adultos con síndrome metabólico

Abstract

RESUMEN: Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de una intervención de rumba y educación nutricional sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en un grupo de personas con síndrome metabólico de un área rural de Colombia. Métodos. Ensayo clínico controlado con asignación aleatoria, que incluyó 59 personas entre 30 y 60 años con síndrome metabólico. El grupo de intervención (n = 30) participó en un programa de 12 semanas de ejercicio con rumba aeróbica, 60 minutos, tres días por semana y trabajo de fortalecimiento muscular, 30 minutos, dos veces por semana. Además, recibió educación nutricional durante dos horas cada semana. El grupo control (n = 29) continuó con los cuidados convencionales. Se evaluó el efecto de la intervención de grupo sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular: fisiológicos, metabólicos, antropométricos y nutricionales. Resultados. En el grupo de intervención disminuyó la tensión arterial sistólica (-10,0 mmHg; IC95%: -14,3 a -5,6, P 0,05). Conclusiones. Un programa de ejercicio con rumba y fortalecimiento muscular, unido a educación nutricional, modifica favorablemente los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en personas con síndrome metabólico.

ABSTRACT: Objective. Evaluate the effect of an intervention with rumba dance and nutrition education on the cardiovascular risk factors in a group of people with metabolic syndrome in a rural area of Colombia. Methods. Controlled, randomized clinical trial that included 59 people between 30 and 60 years of age with metabolic syndrome. The intervention group (n = 30) participated in a 12-week exercise program of aerobic rumba (60 minutes, 3 days per week) and muscle-strengthening work (30 minutes, twice a week). Each week the group also received two hours of nutrition education. The control group (n = 29) continued with conventional care. An assessment was made of the effect on the cardiovascular risk factors (physiological, metabolic, anthropometric, and nutritional) in the intervention group. Results. The intervention group showed a reduction in systolic blood pressure (-10.0 mmHg; CI95%: -14.3 to -5.6, P 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (-4.8 mmHg; CI95%: -8.4 to -1.1, P 0.05) and overall cardiovascular risk at 10 years (-1.5%; CI95%: -2.7 to -0.3, P 0.05). Furthermore, there was an increase in peak oxygen con­sumption (1.7 ml O2∙kg-1∙min-1; CI95%: 0.1 to 3.3, P 0.05) and muscular strength (P 0.001). Positive changes were also observed in body composition, caloric intake, and consumption of macro and micronutrients (P 0.05). No differences were detected between metabolic variables in the two groups or in inflammatory markers (P 0.05). Conclusions. An exercise program with rumba and muscular strengthening, combined with nutrition education, favorably modifies cardiovascular risk factors in people with metabolic syndrome.