Intervención de enfermería “EducaTHE” para el conocimiento y comportamientos de autocuidado de la mujer embarazada ante los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo

Abstract

RESUMEN: Objetivo: determinar la viabilidad, aceptabilidad y efecto potencial de la intervención de enfermería “EducaTHE”. Metodología: estudio realizado en tres fases: 1) diseño y validación de los instrumentos, 2) diseño y validación de la intervención y 3) estudio ensayo piloto controlado aleatorizado. Resultados: El cuestionario CoNOCiTHE evidenció pruebas psicométricas adecuadas con una consistencia interna de α = 0,67, estabilidad con un CCI = 0,96, la validez convergente con los resultados Conocimiento: proceso de la enfermedad (rho=0,405; p=0,019) y Control del riesgo: hipertensión (rho= 0,503; p=0,003). El cuestionario Determinantes del comportamiento obtuvo puntuaciones adecuadas en su validez facial y de contenido. El AFE reportó cuatro factores con una varianza total explicada de 36,1%, un α de Cronbach de 0,80, la estabilidad test-retest con un CCI de 0,99 y la sensibilidad al cambio un aumento significativo en las puntuaciones del instrumento (Z: -4,94, p < 0,001). La viabilidad de la intervención evidenció un reclutamiento del 75,94% y un seguimiento del 90%. La aceptabilidad global de la intervención fue de 4,82. La Intervención demostró un aumento significativo en el nivel de conocimientos y comportamientos en el GE en comparación con el GC (p<0,001). La intervención no tuvo un efecto significativo sobre los determinantes del comportamiento. Conclusiones: los cuestionarios CoNOCiTHE y Determinantes del comportamiento son instrumentos con evidencias de validez y confiabilidad. La intervención de Enfermería es viable y aceptable, y demostró un efecto potencial en la mejora del conocimiento y los comportamientos de autocuidado ante los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo. ABSTRACT: Objective: to determine the feasibility, acceptability and potential effect of the nursing intervention “EducaTHE". Methodology: study conducted in three phases: 1) design and validation of the instruments, 2) design and validation of the intervention, and 3) randomized controlled pilot trial study. Results: the CoNOCiTHE questionnaire evidenced adequate psychometric tests with an internal consistency of α = 0.67, stability with a ICC = 0.96, convergent validity with the results Knowledge: disease process (rho=0.405; p=0.019) and Risk control: hypertension (rho= 0,503; p=0,003). The Behavior Determinants questionnaire obtained adequate scores in its facial and content validity. The EFA reported four factors with a total explained variance of 36.1%, a Cronbach's α of 0.80, test-retest stability, an ICC of 0.99, and sensitivity to change, a significant increase in the instrument scores (Z: -4.94, p < 0.001). The feasibility of the intervention showed a recruitment of 75.94%, and a follow-up of 90%. The overall acceptability of the intervention was 4.82. The intervention demonstrated a significant increase in the level of knowledge and behaviors in the EG compared to the CG (p<0.001). The intervention did not have a significant effect on behavioral determinants Conclusions: the CoNOCiTHE and Behavior Determinants questionnaires are instruments with evidence of validity and reliability. The nursing intervention is feasible and acceptable, and demonstrated a potential effect in improving knowledge and self-care behaviors in the face of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

ABSTRACT: Objective: to determine the feasibility, acceptability and potential effect of the nursing intervention “EducaTHE". Methodology: study conducted in three phases: 1) design and validation of the instruments, 2) design and validation of the intervention, and 3) randomized controlled pilot trial study. Results: the CoNOCiTHE questionnaire evidenced adequate psychometric tests with an internal consistency of α = 0.67, stability with a ICC = 0.96, convergent validity with the results Knowledge: disease process (rho=0.405; p=0.019) and Risk control: hypertension (rho= 0,503; p=0,003). The Behavior Determinants questionnaire obtained adequate scores in its facial and content validity. The EFA reported four factors with a total explained variance of 36.1%, a Cronbach's α of 0.80, test-retest stability, an ICC of 0.99, and sensitivity to change, a significant increase in the instrument scores (Z: -4.94, p < 0.001). The feasibility of the intervention showed a recruitment of 75.94%, and a follow-up of 90%. The overall acceptability of the intervention was 4.82. The intervention demonstrated a significant increase in the level of knowledge and behaviors in the EG compared to the CG (p<0.001). The intervention did not have a significant effect on behavioral determinants Conclusions: the CoNOCiTHE and Behavior Determinants questionnaires are instruments with evidence of validity and reliability. The nursing intervention is feasible and acceptable, and demonstrated a potential effect in improving knowledge and selfcare behaviors in the face of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.