Habilidades del pensamiento creativo presentes en la resolución de problemas. Un estudio con estudiantes de quinto de primaria de una institución educativa del occidente antioqueño

Abstract

RESUMEN: El auge de la creatividad, la innovación y diversas problemáticas sociales y escolares que requieren soluciones fluidas, flexibles u originales en la actualidad motivaron la presente investigación. Este estudio pretendió, mediante la implementación de una propuesta didáctica integradora basada en la resolución de problemas en las áreas de Ciencias Sociales y Ciencias Naturales, evidenciar las habilidades del pensamiento creativo: fluidez, flexibilidad y originalidad presentes en los estudiantes de quinto grado pertenecientes a la Institución Educativa Santa Gema, en el municipio de Buriticá, occidente antioqueño, participantes de la propuesta didáctica. La investigación asume un enfoque mixto, que resulta efectivo al combinar métodos cualitativos, predominantemente utilizados, con métodos cuantitativos para identificar patrones y establecer relaciones estadísticas. Se realizó el análisis teniendo en cuenta tanto la teoría establecida como el seguimiento al desarrollo de la propuesta y los productos de cada sesión. Además de la aplicación de una adaptación del test de Torrance, que posibilitó medir los niveles de las habilidades en los participantes. Los resultados evidencian que la presencia de habilidades creativas en las respuestas de los estudiantes durante el desarrollo de la propuesta didáctica integradora (alto, medio o bajo) fue cambiante en las primeras sesiones y más neutro en las últimas. La habilidad más evidente fue la fluidez, seguida de flexibilidad y por último originalidad con niveles muy bajos de desarrollo. El 28 % de los participantes alcanzan niveles medio y alto en las tres habilidades y el 72 % se desenvuelve en nivel bajo. El análisis de los resultados del test de Torrance junto con el de la propuesta didáctica integradora permite identificar que, en esta investigación, las mujeres entre los 9 y 11 años de edad son quienes se destacan por su desempeño, a diferencia de los hombres, que obtuvieron bajos puntajes y rendimiento en ambas valoraciones. Por otra parte, los participantes que demuestran mayor interés y siguen las instrucciones logran desarrollar las actividades propuestas con mejores resultados. ABSTRACT: The growing prominence of creativity, innovation and different social and educational issues that require fluency, flexible and original answers at present encourage the current study. This research aims to implement an integrative didactic proposal. It is based on problem solving in the areas of social studies and natural sciences, highlighting the creative thinking abilities: fluency, flexibility and originality present in fifth-grade students from Santa Gema Educational Institution in the municipality of Buriticá, western Antioqueño participants of the didactic proposal. The research has a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach, which is effective when is combined predominantly qualitative methods, with quantitative methods to identify patterns and stablishing statistical relation. The analysis takes into account both the theory and the monitoring of the didactic proposal, also the outputs of each session. Furthermore, the use of the adapted Torrance test, which allows for measuring skill levels participants. The results indicate that, based on the presence of creative skills in students' answers during the implementation of the integrative didactic proposal, their performance levels (high, medium, or low) fluctuated in the initial sessions but they became more stable in later ones. The most prominent skill observed was fluency, followed by flexibility, while originality demonstrated very low levels of development. The 28% of participants achieved medium and high levels in all three skills, whereas 72% are categorized as low level. The analysis highlights that, in this study, girls aged 9 to 11 outperformed boys, who scored lower in both assessments. On the other hand, participants who demonstrated more interest and followed instructions were able to complete the proposed activities with better results.

ABSTRACT: The growing prominence of creativity, innovation and different social and educational issues that require fluency, flexible and original answers at present encourage the current study. This research aims to implement an integrative didactic proposal. It is based on problem solving in the areas of social studies and natural sciences, highlighting the creative thinking abilities: fluency, flexibility and originality present in fifth-grade students from Santa Gema Educational Institution in the municipality of Buriticá, western Antioqueño participants of the didactic proposal. The research has a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach, which is effective when is combined predominantly qualitative methods, with quantitative methods to identify patterns and stablishing statistical relation. The analysis takes into account both the theory and the monitoring of the didactic proposal, also the outputs of each session. Furthermore, the use of the adapted Torrance test, which allows for measuring skill levels participants. The results indicate that, based on the presence of creative skills in students' answers during the implementation of the integrative didactic proposal, their performance levels (high, medium, or low) fluctuated in the initial sessions but they became more stable in later ones. The most prominent skill observed was fluency, followed by flexibility, while originality demonstrated very low levels of development. The 28% of participants achieved medium and high levels in all three skills, whereas 72% are categorized as low level. The analysis highlights that, in this study, girls aged 9 to 11 outperformed boys, who scored lower in both assessments. On the other hand, participants who demonstrated more interest and followed instructions were able to complete the proposed activities with better results.