Transit-oriented Development in the metropolitan governance : a comparison between the Colombian case and the South Korean experience

Abstract

RESUMEN: La presente investigación estudia el proceso y las decisiones políticas que se llevaron a cabo en el Área Metropolitana de Seúl (SMA) para responder a una reorganización territorial asociada a una oferta de transporte público, que resultó en un modelo de desarrollo orientado al transporte (DOT). Se estudia, en paralelo, el marco normativo que rige las áreas metropolitanas en Colombia y su transporte público metropolitano, y la estructuración del sistema de transporte público colectivo metropolitano del Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá (AMVA). El objetivo general de la investigación es comprender el proceso de toma de decisiones territoriales y de políticas de transporte realizadas en el SMA, ejemplo y caso de estudio, para contextualizar una reorganización del sistema de transporte público colectivo en el caso colombiano, específicamente en el AMVA. Los objetivos específicos son identificar los principios reguladores de la planificación territorial y de transporte, las estrategias y los instrumentos utilizados para establecer las decisiones políticas que tienen un carácter vinculante en las entidades operativas del sistema de transporte público colectivo. Palabras clave: Gobierno metropolitano, sistema de transporte, público colectivo, área metropolitana de Seúl, área metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, modelo DOT.

ABSTRACT: This research studies the process and the political decisions that were carried out in the creation of Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) in order to respond to a territorial reorganization associated to a public transport supply that resulted in a model of transit-oriented development (TOD). Contemporaneously, the paper studies the normative framework that governs the metropolitan areas in Colombia and its metropolitan public transport, as well as, it studies the structuring of the metropolitan collective public transport system of the Aburrá Valley Metropolitan Area (AVMA). The aim of the research is to understand the process of territorial and transport policy decisions that were held in the SMA, which makes it an example and case of study to contextualize a reorganization of the collective public transportation system in the Colombian case, specifically in the AVMA. The objectives of the research are identifying the regulatory principles of territorial and transport planning, strategies, and instruments used for setting the policy decisions that have a binding character on the operating entities of the collective public transport system. In order to put the characteristics of the AVMA collective public transport bus system in evidence, a comparison between SMA and AVMA was developed. The implications emerged from this comparison are used to generate guidelines through three themes: a) governance; b) financial system and c) operational aspects. The guidelines hope point the reorganization of the public transportation bus system and a future transition to a model of Transport - and People - Oriented Development in the Colombian metropolitan level context. Keywords: Metropolitan governance, collective public transport system, Seoul metropolitan area, Aburrá Valley metropolitan area, TOD model